Self-Reported Hepatitis B Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors Among Adults Attending Budwale Health Center in Mbale District Uganda

Abstract

Introduction: The introduction of Hepatitis B vaccination in the general community requires understanding the factors that determines its uptake. This is specifically essential for planning, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the program. This study investigated the uptake and associated factors of Hepatitis B Vaccination among clients attending Budwale Health Center in Eastern Uganda.
Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December, 2022. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 403 respondents who were aged 18 years and above attending a government health facility. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Vaccination uptake was determined by descriptive statistics, measures of association were done using modified Poisson regression to estimate the association between the factors and vaccination uptake. Scores on knowledge questions were categorized using bloom’s cut off point into good knowledge (>80%), moderate knowledge (60-79%) and poor knowledge (< 60 %).
Results: Vaccination uptake was at 68.7% which is the recommended 90% required to achieve herd immunity. Slightly above half of the participants (51.8%) and 35.7% had moderate and good and knowledge about HBV vaccination and infection respectively. Age category (28-37 years) were more likely to be vaccinated than other age categories. PR=1.21 95% CI:(1.025, 1.418) P=0. 024.Clients who had moderate knowledge were more likely to be vaccinated compared to those with poor knowledge PR=2.81,95%CI:(1.830,4.306) P=0.001. The study also found that the cost of vaccines, presence of health workers, distance of health facilities from the home, long waiting queues and occupational risks were the main reasons for low uptake of vaccine.
Conclusion and recommendation: The uptake of HB vaccination was moderate among the studied group which was influenced by individual factors such as knowledge on HB as well as health services access factors. Therefore, due attention should be given to filling the knowledge gaps through education and sensitization, and addressing the barriers to accessing vaccination services.