Prevalence and Pathological Findings Among Patients Who Underwent Colonoscopy for Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Endoscopy Unit at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania

Abstract

Background: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a significant clinical issue globally, contributing to morbidity and healthcare resource utilization. Despite its impact, there is limited epidemiological data on its prevalence and associated factors in Tanzania, particularly at Bugando Medical Centre, a major referral hospital. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LGIB among patients who attended the Colonoscopy Unit at Bugando Medical Centre and to identify the factors associated with LGIB.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre. Data were extracted from medical records of 340 patients who underwent colonoscopy between January and December 2023. After excluding incomplete records, 327 patients were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.
Results: The prevalence of LGIB among the patients was 72.8%. A cross-sectional analysis at Bugando Medical Centre found that lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) was significantly associated with female sex (93.6% females vs. 53.5% males; P<.004) and hypertension (94.0% hypertensive patients; P<.001). Additionally, prior surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) issues significantly increased LGIB risk (81.8%; P=<.03).
Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that LGIB is prevalent among patients at Bugando Medical Centre, with several factors significantly associated with its occurrence. It is recommended to implement enhanced screening and diagnostic protocols, patient education on lifestyle modifications, improved access to healthcare services, and comprehensive management plans. Further research is needed to explore the histological patterns of colitis among patients who presented with lower GI bleeding, since there is higher percentage of colitis among this group.